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The patient was diagnosed with Sydenham's chorea, associated with group A streptococcus infection. Penicillin and tiapride were administered, and there was a slight reduction in choreic movements. The patient's symptoms completely resolved within 1 month after presentation.

See the related NEJM article: http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm1303705

The mysterious dancing epidemic of 1518: Seldom pausing to eat or drink, many died from exhaustion

This article from PubMed describes the chorea epidemic:

In 1518, one of the strangest epidemics in recorded history struck the city of Strasbourg. Hundreds of people were seized by an irresistible urge to dance, hop and leap into the air.

In houses, halls and public spaces, as fear paralyzed the city and the members of the elite despaired, the dancing continued with mindless intensity. Seldom pausing to eat, drink or rest, 400 of them danced for days or even weeks. And before long, the chronicles agree, dozens were dying from exhaustion.

References:

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